Sunil Singh

Department of Neurosurgery, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Morang, Nepal

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8031-3450

Prakash Kafle

Department of Neurosurgery, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Morang, Nepal

Pramod Kumar Chaudhary

Department of Neurosurgery, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Morang, Nepal

Dipak Kumar Yadav

Department of Neurosurgery, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Morang, Nepal

Narendera Prasad Joshi

Department of Neurosurgery, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Morang, Nepal

Keywords : Functional Outcome, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), Prognostic Factors, Retrospective Study, Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Abstract

Background

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a critical neurological emergency with high mortality and morbidity. While conservative management is the primary treatment for most patients, functional outcomes are variable. This study assesses these outcomes and their predictors.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center, including 75 adults with CT-confirmed spontaneous ICH managed conservatively. The primary outcome was functional status at discharge, measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).

Results

The mean age was 58.5 years. In-hospital mortality was 13.3%. A good recovery (GOS 5) was observed in 30.7% of patients. Older age and delayed presentation were significantly correlated with poorer GOS scores. Pontine hemorrhages were associated with the worst outcomes.

Conclusion

A significant proportion of patients achieved favorable outcomes with conservative management. Age, time to presentation, and hemorrhage location are critical prognostic factors, underscoring the importance of early and optimized medical care.